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Attorney fee shifting under California Civil Code § 1794(d) requires the vehicle manufacturer to pay the prevailing consumer's reasonable attorney's fees and costs. The provision is one-way — the consumer never pays the manufacturer's fees if the consumer loses — and...

Transmission defects are the second-most common qualifying defect category in California Lemon Law claims after engine defects. Under the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, transmission defects qualify when they substantially impair use, value, or safety and cannot...

Steering and suspension defects qualify under the California Lemon Law when they substantially impair use, value, or safety. Because steering and suspension directly affect vehicle control, qualifying defects often trigger the two-attempt safety presumption under...

Safety system defects are the strongest category of California Lemon Law claims because they almost always trigger the two-attempt safety presumption under Civil Code § 1793.22. Qualifying defects include airbag malfunctions, advanced driver assistance system (ADAS)...

Infotainment and software defects are the fastest-growing category of California Lemon Law claims. As vehicles depend more on software for essential functions, defects that would once have been mere inconveniences now substantially impair use, value, or safety....

Engine defects are the most common qualifying defects in California Lemon Law claims. Under the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, an engine defect qualifies when it "substantially impairs the use, value, or safety" of the vehicle and the manufacturer cannot repair...